{"id":248,"date":"2021-05-20T11:10:16","date_gmt":"2021-05-20T11:10:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/?p=248"},"modified":"2021-05-20T11:10:16","modified_gmt":"2021-05-20T11:10:16","slug":"lev-tolstoy-kimdir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/lev-tolstoy-kimdir\/","title":{"rendered":"Lev Tolstoy kimdir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lev Tolstoy kimdir?<\/h2>\n

Lev Tolstoy \u201cRus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kiml\u0259rdir?\u201d deyildiyind\u0259 a\u011fla g\u0259l\u0259n ilk adlardan biridir. T\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 fikirl\u0259ri il\u0259 bu d\u00fcnyada iz buraxan Tolstoy kimdir dey\u0259 \u0259trafl\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k ist\u0259yirs\u0259ns\u0259, yaz\u0131n\u0131 diqq\u0259tl\u0259 oxuyun.<\/p>\n

Lev Nikolayevi\u00e7 Tolstoy 9 sentyabr 1828-ci ild\u0259 Rusiya \u0130mperiyas\u0131nda varl\u0131 bir ail\u0259d\u0259 anadan olub. \u00c7ox g\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131nda anas\u0131n\u0131, sonra atas\u0131n\u0131 itirdi. Qohumlar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. U\u015faq ya\u015flar\u0131ndan h\u0259qiq\u0259tl\u0259ri inc\u0259l\u0259m\u0259y\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir mara\u011f\u0131 vard\u0131. T\u0259hsilini davam etdirm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn Moskvaya yollanan Tolstoy \u00e7al\u0131\u015fqan, savadl\u0131 bir t\u0259l\u0259b\u0259 olaraq u\u011fur v\u0259 sevgi qazanma\u011f\u0131 bacard\u0131. G\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131nda Volter v\u0259 J. J. Russonu oxuyaraq Frans\u0131z dilini inki\u015faf etdirdi. Eyni zamanda bu yazarlar\u0131n yazd\u0131qlar\u0131ndan \u00e7ox t\u0259sirl\u0259ndi.<\/p>\n

Lev Tolstoyun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h2>\n

\u0130lk \u0259s\u0259ri olan \u201cU\u015faql\u0131q\u201d-\u0131 Yasnaya Polyanadak\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 aras\u0131na qat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 zaman yazd\u0131. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra orduya qo\u015fulub Qafqaza getdi. Oradak\u0131 insanlar\u0131n yoxsulluqla dolu h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259 etdi. \u0130lk realist hekay\u0259l\u0259ri bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259ki m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259ri say\u0259sind\u0259 meydana g\u0259lmi\u015fdir. 1854-c\u00fc ild\u0259 Kr\u0131m m\u00fcharib\u0259sind\u0259 zabit kimi xidm\u0259t etmi\u015fdir. Bir m\u00fcdd\u0259t sonra \u0259sg\u0259rliyi t\u0259rk edib Peterburqa getdi. B\u0259zi \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rini sakit bir h\u0259yat ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Peterburqda yazd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Q\u0259rbi Avropa \u00f6lk\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259 uzun bir s\u0259f\u0259r\u0259 \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131. Almaniya, Fransa v\u0259 \u0130sve\u00e7r\u0259d\u0259 olmu\u015fdur. Qay\u0131dark\u0259n yenid\u0259n Yasnaya yerl\u0259\u015fdi. Zad\u0259ganl\u0131qdan v\u0259 l\u00fcksd\u0259n bez\u0259n Tolstoy k\u0259ndind\u0259 bir m\u0259kt\u0259b qurdu. Bu m\u0259kt\u0259b t\u0259hsil v\u0259 t\u0259lim bax\u0131m\u0131ndan tamamil\u0259 yeni bir m\u0259kt\u0259b idi. Burada h\u0259yat\u0131nda rahatl\u0131q tapd\u0131\u011f\u0131na \u0259min olduqdan sonra 1862-ci ild\u0259 evl\u0259ndi. Evl\u0259ndikl\u0259ri zaman h\u0259yat yolda\u015f\u0131 Sofi Behrs 16 ya\u015f\u0131nda idi. Bu evlilikl\u0259rd\u0259n 12 \u00f6vlad\u0131 var idi. Onlardan 5-i \u00f6ld\u00fc. \u018fn g\u00fccl\u00fc \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259n biri olan “M\u00fcharib\u0259 v\u0259 S\u00fclh” v\u0259 “Anna Karenina” bu d\u00f6vrd\u0259 yaz\u0131lm\u0131\u015fd\u0131r. Tolstoy, x\u00fcsus\u0259n d\u0259 rus k\u0259ndlil\u0259rinin yoxsul, ac\u0131nacaql\u0131 v\u0259ziyy\u0259tin\u0259 g\u00f6r\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck bir m\u0259n\u0259vi b\u00f6hran ke\u00e7irdi. B\u00fct\u00fcn varidat\u0131n\u0131 k\u0259ndlil\u0259r\u0259 paylad\u0131 v\u0259 onlar kimi ya\u015fama\u011fa ba\u015flad\u0131. \u018fs\u0259rl\u0259rind\u0259 b\u0259\u015f\u0259riyy\u0259tin dem\u0259k olar ki, b\u00fct\u00fcn m\u0259s\u0259l\u0259l\u0259rin\u0259 v\u0259 probleml\u0259rin\u0259 toxunan Tolstoy \u00f6lk\u0259sind\u0259ki siyasi hadis\u0259l\u0259ri, xalq\u0131n\u0131n probleml\u0259rini v\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131n\u0131 b\u00f6y\u00fck ustal\u0131qla izah etdi. Yax\u015f\u0131 bir filosof v\u0259 bir maarif\u00e7i, h\u0259m d\u0259 realist \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n \u0259n b\u00f6y\u00fck n\u00fcmay\u0259nd\u0259l\u0259rind\u0259n biri kimi bir \u00fcn qazand\u0131. Tolstoy, 20 noyabr 1910-cu ild\u0259, 82 ya\u015f\u0131nda Astapovodak\u0131 bir qatar stansiyas\u0131nda s\u0259t\u0259lc\u0259md\u0259n \u00f6ld\u00fc.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lev Tolstoy kimdir? Lev Tolstoy \u201cRus \u0259d\u0259biyyat\u0131n\u0131n \u0259n \u0259h\u0259miyy\u0259tli yaz\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 kiml\u0259rdir?\u201d deyildiyind\u0259 a\u011fla g\u0259l\u0259n ilk adlardan biridir. T\u0259kc\u0259 \u0259s\u0259rl\u0259ri il\u0259 deyil, h\u0259m d\u0259 h\u0259yat\u0131 v\u0259 fikirl\u0259ri il\u0259 bu d\u00fcnyada iz buraxan Tolstoy kimdir dey\u0259 \u0259trafl\u0131 \u00f6yr\u0259nm\u0259k ist\u0259yirs\u0259ns\u0259, yaz\u0131n\u0131 diqq\u0259tl\u0259 oxuyun. Lev Nikolayevi\u00e7 Tolstoy 9 sentyabr 1828-ci ild\u0259 Rusiya \u0130mperiyas\u0131nda varl\u0131 bir ail\u0259d\u0259 anadan olub. \u00c7ox […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[26],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-248","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-edib"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=248"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/248\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/249"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}