“\u00c7arlz Darvin: T\u0259kam\u00fcl N\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin v\u0259 T\u0259bii Seleksiyan\u0131n K\u0259\u015ffinin Pioneri”<\/p>\n
M\u00fcasir biologiya elminin \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm simalar\u0131ndan biri olan \u00c7arlz Darvin t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini v\u0259 t\u0259bii se\u00e7m\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya qoyaraq elmi fikr\u0259 inqilabi t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 biz \u00c7arlz Darvinin h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 onun t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259saslar\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259c\u0259yik.<\/p>\n
G\u0259nclik v\u0259 T\u0259hsil \u0130ll\u0259ri: \u00c7arlz Darvin 12 fevral 1809-cu ild\u0259 \u0130ngilt\u0259r\u0259nin \u015erusberi \u015f\u0259h\u0259rind\u0259 anadan olub. Atas\u0131 h\u0259kim olan Darvin g\u0259nc ya\u015flar\u0131ndan t\u0259bi\u0259t\u0259 v\u0259 elm\u0259 maraq g\u00f6st\u0259rm\u0259y\u0259 ba\u015flay\u0131b. Edinburq Universitetind\u0259 tibb t\u0259hsili ald\u0131, lakin tezlikl\u0259 tibb karyeras\u0131na mara\u011f\u0131n\u0131 itirdi v\u0259 t\u0259bi\u0259t elml\u0259rin\u0259 \u00fcz tutdu.<\/p>\n
Beagle s\u0259yah\u0259ti: 22 ya\u015f\u0131nda o, Britaniya Kral Donanmas\u0131 t\u0259r\u0259find\u0259n maliyy\u0259l\u0259\u015fdiril\u0259n HMS Beagle-a t\u0259bi\u0259t\u015f\u00fcnas kimi qat\u0131ld\u0131. 1831-1836-c\u0131 ill\u0259r aras\u0131nda davam ed\u0259n bu s\u0259yah\u0259t Darvin\u0259 b\u00fct\u00fcn d\u00fcnyada biom\u00fcxt\u0259liflik haqq\u0131nda m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 kolleksiyalar aparma\u011fa imkan verdi. X\u00fcsusil\u0259 Qalapaqos adalar\u0131nda etdiyi i\u015fl\u0259r sonrak\u0131 t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sin\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir.<\/p>\n
T\u0259kam\u00fcl v\u0259 T\u0259bii Seleksiya N\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si: Darvin Beagle s\u0259yah\u0259tind\u0259n sonra \u00e7oxlu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 m\u0259lumat toplad\u0131. Bu m\u00fc\u015fahid\u0259l\u0259r v\u0259 ara\u015fd\u0131rmalar onun t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini ir\u0259li s\u00fcrm\u0259sin\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub. Darvin orqanizml\u0259r aras\u0131nda m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin oldu\u011funu v\u0259 bu m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyin \u0259traf m\u00fchit faktorlar\u0131 il\u0259 qar\u015f\u0131l\u0131ql\u0131 \u0259laq\u0259d\u0259 oldu\u011funu ba\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fd\u00fc. T\u0259bii se\u00e7m\u0259 n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si iddia edir ki, \u0259traf m\u00fchit amill\u0259ri uy\u011funla\u015fa bil\u0259n f\u0259rdl\u0259rin sa\u011f qalmas\u0131n\u0131 v\u0259 davaml\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 t\u0259min edir. Bu n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rin zamanla d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini v\u0259 yeni n\u00f6vl\u0259rin meydana \u00e7\u0131xd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 izah edir.<\/p>\n
“N\u00f6vl\u0259rin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi” v\u0259 onun t\u0259siri: Darvin 1859-cu ild\u0259 “N\u00f6vl\u0259rin m\u0259n\u015f\u0259yi”ni n\u0259\u015fr etdi. Bu kitab t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini t\u0259f\u0259rr\u00fcat\u0131 il\u0259 izah etdi v\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck m\u00fcbahis\u0259l\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b oldu. Darvinin i\u015fi n\u0259tic\u0259d\u0259 t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si kimi tan\u0131nan bir paradiqmaya \u00e7evrildi v\u0259 biologiyan\u0131n t\u0259m\u0259l da\u015flar\u0131ndan birin\u0259 \u00e7evrildi. T\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si n\u00f6vl\u0259rin ortaq \u0259cdaddan t\u0259kam\u00fcl etdiyini v\u0259 n\u00f6vl\u0259rin zamanla d\u0259yi\u015fdiyini izah edir.<\/p>\n
Darvinin miras\u0131: \u00c7arlz Darvinin t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si elm d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda inqilab etdi. Onun i\u015fi biologiya, genetika, antropologiya v\u0259 bir \u00e7ox ba\u015fqa elml\u0259rd\u0259 ir\u0259lil\u0259yi\u015fl\u0259r\u0259 s\u0259b\u0259b olub. T\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259si canl\u0131lar\u0131n t\u0259bii al\u0259md\u0259 nec\u0259 uy\u011funla\u015fd\u0131qlar\u0131n\u0131 anlama\u011fa k\u00f6m\u0259k ed\u0259n n\u00f6vl\u0259rin m\u00fcxt\u0259lifliyini izah etm\u0259k \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcn bir \u00e7\u0259r\u00e7iv\u0259 t\u0259qdim edir.<\/p>\n
N\u0259tic\u0259 olaraq, \u00c7arlz Darvin t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259sas\u0131n\u0131 qoyan v\u0259 t\u0259bii se\u00e7m\u0259 mexanizmini k\u0259\u015ff ed\u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm alimdir. Onun yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131 elmi fikr\u0259 b\u00f6y\u00fck t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015f v\u0259 m\u00fcasir biologiya elmin\u0259 d\u0259rin t\u0259sir g\u00f6st\u0259rmi\u015fdir. Darvin elmi k\u0259\u015ffl\u0259ri il\u0259 yana\u015f\u0131, insanlar\u0131 t\u0259bi\u0259ti daha d\u0259rind\u0259n d\u0259rk etm\u0259y\u0259 v\u0259 qiym\u0259tl\u0259ndirm\u0259y\u0259 d\u0259 ilham verdi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
“\u00c7arlz Darvin: T\u0259kam\u00fcl N\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin v\u0259 T\u0259bii Seleksiyan\u0131n K\u0259\u015ffinin Pioneri” M\u00fcasir biologiya elminin \u0259n m\u00fch\u00fcm simalar\u0131ndan biri olan \u00c7arlz Darvin t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sini v\u0259 t\u0259bii se\u00e7m\u0259 anlay\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 ortaya qoyaraq elmi fikr\u0259 inqilabi t\u00f6hf\u0259 vermi\u015fdir. Bu m\u0259qal\u0259d\u0259 biz \u00c7arlz Darvinin h\u0259yat v\u0259 yarad\u0131c\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131na v\u0259 onun t\u0259kam\u00fcl n\u0259z\u0259riyy\u0259sinin \u0259saslar\u0131na diqq\u0259t yetir\u0259c\u0259yik. G\u0259nclik v\u0259 T\u0259hsil \u0130ll\u0259ri: \u00c7arlz Darvin 12 fevral […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":526,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-525","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-alim"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=525"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/posts\/525\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/media\/526"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=525"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=525"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/taniyaq.az\/api\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=525"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}